Refined sugar originating in or exported from the United States of America, Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom is subject to anti-dumping duty. Refined sugar originating in or exported from the European Union is subject to countervailing duty. These duties are applied as a result of orders made by the Canadian International Trade Tribunal (CITT) that the dumping and subsidizing of these goods are threatening to cause material injury to the domestic refined sugar industry.